| 641 |
Sacred Music, Philip V. Bohlman(
Authored Entry
) ...Chicago's sacred music traditions have historically formed from a tension between mainline and...
...and difference, sacred music has reflected and influenced Chicago's rich religious heritage....
...During its history, Chicago has been home to numerous mainline sacred music traditions that have...
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| 642 |
Lithuanians, Alfred Erich Senn(
Authored Entry
) ...community. In 1998 Lithuanian voters elected a Chicago Lithuanian, Valdas Adamkus, as president of...
...returned to Lithuania. At the end of the 1990s, Chicago Lithuanians had closer ties to the homeland...
...metropolitan area claimed some Lithuanian ancestry. Chicago's place in Lithuanian history rests on a...
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| 643 |
Tenements, Henry C. Binford(
Authored Entry
) ...Hull House, ca. 1910. Photographer: Unknown. Source: University of Illinois at Chicago. FIGURE 1...
...a wide belt of small dwellings stretching from the Old Town area on the North Side through the Near...
...and the mixed results of reform. Replacing old tenements with innovative low-income housing became a...
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| 644 |
Printing, Paul F. Gehl(
Authored Entry
) ...houses were to be found in almost every American town. Markets outside major publishing centers were...
...from hundreds of other printers in frontier towns. The early, rapid growth of Chicago, however,...
...In the late nineteenth century, Chicago became a center for commercial printing in the United States...
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| 645 |
Unionization, James R. Barrett(
Authored Entry
) ...as a labor town, its progressive political heritage, and the striking diversity of its working-...
...strike? Answers to these questions will emerge within the context of Chicago's historic reputation...
...facts of the twenty-first century than the old craft or industrial unions and the traditional...
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| 646 |
The City the Planners Saw, Carl Smith(
Interpretive Digital Essay (Essay)
) ...died—6,384 out of 31,296—were children under a year old. Chicago was frequently healthier than other...
...votes local residents in the city and adjoining towns approved the annexation of several surrounding...
...of Factories Chicago was very much a union town and a place where class lines were sharply drawn, as...
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| 647 |
Schooling for Work, Arthur Zilversmit(
Authored Entry
) ...efficient, had to be “kept out of the hands of the old fashioned school master. ” The critics were...
...troublesome children in school, however, the Chicago City Colleges and the private, entrepreneurial...
...transformed by new kinds of industry. In Chicago, a deep and bitter conflict over the relationship...
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| 648 |
Management Consulting, Christopher McKenna(
Authored Entry
) ...Chicago consulting firms to investigate East Coast companies. By the 1940s, the consultancies from...
...consulting has a distinguished history in Chicago. Soon after Arthur Andersen, a professor of...
...firm in the world, with its headquarters still in Chicago. In 1914, Edwin Booz, a recent graduate of...
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| 649 |
Introduction, Sarah S. Marcus(
Interpretive Digital Essay
) ...and proposed a multi-component analysis of Chicago's global identity. Michael Conzen, Professor and...
...on Geographical Studies at the University of Chicago, authored much of the text and maps that serve...
...of the piece. Gary L. Johnson, president of the Chicago History Museum, contributed his analysis of...
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| 650 |
Commodities Markets, Owen K. Gregory(
Authored Entry
) ...at Board of Trade, 1948. Photographer: Gordon Coster. Source: Chicago Historical Society. FIGURE 1...
...with the Mercantile Exchange commenced trading in gold futures in 1974. The board opened the Chicago...
...Chicago's ascendant commodity markets were the result of the city's strategic position within the...
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| 651 |
Film Criticism, Elizabeth D. Schafer(
Authored Entry
) ...understood Siskel and Ebert's commentary, and Chicago's Museum of Broadcast Communications honored...
...them for making film criticism accessible to movie patrons. They won a Chicago Emmy Award and...
...were inducted into the Chicago Journalism Hall of Fame. A section of Erie Street was dedicated...
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| 652 |
Political Conventions, R. Craig Sautter(
Authored Entry
) ...with his spellbinding “Cross of Gold” speech and won the nomination on the fifth ballot. He lost a...
...next to Lincoln's. William Jennings Bryan, just 36 years old, captured the hearts of delegates...
...on the fourth ballot. Roosevelt flew to Chicago to deliver the first-ever convention acceptance...
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| 653 |
Water, Louis P. Cain(
Authored Entry
) ...was cheaper to build a new canal than enlarge the old one. Section 23 set the channel's capacity at...
...Chicago's unusual wastewater disposal history was conditioned by the location of...
...city at the juncture of Lake Michigan and the Chicago River . Initially, the city used the lake to...
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| 654 |
Austrians, Philip V. Bohlman(
Authored Entry
) ...to create a malleable identity. Austrians in Chicago therefore maintain a creative culture, one that...
...of Austrian identity, both in Austria and, especially during the twentieth century, in Chicago....
...ancestry at the end of the twentieth century, Chicago is, at least symbolically, the most Austrian...
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| 655 |
Condominiums and Cooperatives, Tracy Steffes(
Authored Entry
) ...of cooperatives can be found today in many parts of the city, including luxury co-ops on the Gold...
...Coast , middle-income co-ops in Hyde Park , senior co-ops on the North Side, and limited-equity co-...
...and offices in 1979. Photographer: Unknown. Source: Chicago Historical Society. FIGURE 1...
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| 656 |
Will County, Sarah S. Marcus(
Authored Entry
) ...The transportation ties that had linked the town of Chicago with the communities of Will County—...
...white settlement, Walker's Grove, near the present town of Plainfield . While Walker worked as a...
...flowed into Will County, especially the canal towns of Joliet and Lockport , hoping to profit from...
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| 657 |
Annexation, Louis P. Cain(
Authored Entry
) ...legislature for incorporation as a village, town, or city with more extensive powers to provide...
...At its founding in 1837, the city of Chicago encompassed little more than 10 square miles. It was...
...elections. Over the following two decades, Chicago, like many American cities, experienced numerous...
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| 658 |
Medical Societies and Journals, Christopher James Tassava(
Authored Entry
) ...CMS successfully accommodated specialist societies like the Chicago Pathological Society (founded...
...1878) and the Chicago Neurological Society ( founded 1898) by adopting in 1903 a federal-style...
...officers and financial matters to trustees. Chicago's medical community has had great regional and...
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| 659 |
Mail Delivery, Richard R. John(
Authored Entry
) ...out. For much of the twentieth century, the Chicago post office was the largest postal distribution...
...Government mail delivery in Chicago began in 1831 with the appointment of a fur trader as the first...
...passenger travel. The following year, the Chicago post office became a distribution center—testimony...
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| 660 |
Food Processing: Local Market, Bruce Kraig(
Authored Entry
) ...on Chicago-area streets. Photographer: Unknown. Source: University of Illinois at Chicago. FIGURE 1...
...the twentieth century, as an artifact of the old home delivery business. As the number of Chicago's...
...goods followed them. Although the process is old, there is no better example than Chicago's Latino...
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