| 631 |
Mayors, Melvin G. Holli(
Authored Entry
) ...for his leadership in school reform, with Chicago's model emulated by several other big city mayors....
...socioeconomic registers. Although Chicago was not old enough to have a patrician class equivalent to...
...1931) practiced the politics of the “wide open town” to the delight of bootleggers and gangsters. A...
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| 632 |
Literary Careers, Timothy B. Spears(
Authored Entry
) ...literary institutions. The 1830s frontier town provided little literary culture, and where...
...and Ade's “Stories of the Streets and of the Town” represented the high end of a documentary style...
...Record, “Stories of the Streets and of the Town. ” Artist: John T. McCutcheon. Source: The Newberry...
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| 633 |
Foodways, Tracy N. Poe(
Authored Entry
) ...and Italian chefs and menus alongside their Continental and East Coast credentials. By the early...
...deemed Chicago a first-rate “expense account town,” whose culinary and entertainment opportunities...
...of Congress. FIGURE 1 i3553 Replica of Chicago's Water Tower made of Dunkin' Donuts, Chicago's 163rd...
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| 634 |
Clout, Daniel Greene(
Authored Entry
) ...to reach and persuade those in power—had found wide national usage beyond its Chicago origins....
...in Chicago trials are “found innocent on the age-old legal premise of reasonable doubt—not ......
...In the mid-twentieth century, Chicago writers coined the term “clout” to mean political power and...
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| 635 |
Flood Control and Drainage, Arlan R. Juhl(
Authored Entry
) ...regions of the Des Plaines, North Branch Chicago, and Fox River watersheds. Flooding in rivers and...
...The Chicago area is topographically dominated...
...by the glacial Lake Chicago plain. This plain encompasses the Chicago River , Des Plaines River ,...
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| 636 |
Railroads, John C. Hudson(
Authored Entry
) ...Passengers traveling between the East and West Coasts often had half a day to spend in Chicago...
...Chicago is the most important railroad center in North America....
...lines of track radiate in more directions from Chicago than from any other city. Chicago has long...
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| 637 |
Potawatomis, R. David Edmunds(
Authored Entry
) ...of land in northern Illinois, but after 1840 most Potawatomis were gone from the Chicago region....
...in Wisconsin. By the 1690s Potawatomis had migrated into the Chicago region, establishing small...
...settlements along the Calumet , Chicago , and Des Plaines Rivers. Joined by kinsmen from...
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| 638 |
Public Health, Jennifer Koslow(
Authored Entry
) ...symptoms and high mortality rates, prompted Chicago's first official public health action in early...
...to the Black Hawk War brought cholera to Chicago, helping to spread what was already a worldwide...
...and puckered appearance and death within 24 hours. Chicago's 4,000 residents turned toward the state...
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| 639 |
Hospitals, Paul A. Buelow(
Authored Entry
) ...of the Lakes, which opened in 1850 with 12 beds in the old Lake House Hotel at Rush and North Water...
...As the number of charity cases grew, however, the old building proved too small, and County Hospital...
...joined Passavant as part of Northwestern's Chicago campus in 1941. i3438 Private room, St. Luke's...
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| 640 |
Journalism, Bill Savage(
Authored Entry
) ...supplanted Al Capone as the personification of Chicago across the world. In whatever form—the daily...
...the alternative press and cable television, Chicago journalism has provided both the fertile ground...
...the city emerge. The unprecedented growth of Chicago made its newspapers a vital part of creating a...
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| 641 |
Sacred Music, Philip V. Bohlman(
Authored Entry
) ...Chicago's sacred music traditions have historically formed from a tension between mainline and...
...and difference, sacred music has reflected and influenced Chicago's rich religious heritage....
...During its history, Chicago has been home to numerous mainline sacred music traditions that have...
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| 642 |
Lithuanians, Alfred Erich Senn(
Authored Entry
) ...community. In 1998 Lithuanian voters elected a Chicago Lithuanian, Valdas Adamkus, as president of...
...returned to Lithuania. At the end of the 1990s, Chicago Lithuanians had closer ties to the homeland...
...metropolitan area claimed some Lithuanian ancestry. Chicago's place in Lithuanian history rests on a...
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| 643 |
Tenements, Henry C. Binford(
Authored Entry
) ...Hull House, ca. 1910. Photographer: Unknown. Source: University of Illinois at Chicago. FIGURE 1...
...a wide belt of small dwellings stretching from the Old Town area on the North Side through the Near...
...and the mixed results of reform. Replacing old tenements with innovative low-income housing became a...
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| 644 |
Printing, Paul F. Gehl(
Authored Entry
) ...houses were to be found in almost every American town. Markets outside major publishing centers were...
...from hundreds of other printers in frontier towns. The early, rapid growth of Chicago, however,...
...In the late nineteenth century, Chicago became a center for commercial printing in the United States...
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| 645 |
Unionization, James R. Barrett(
Authored Entry
) ...as a labor town, its progressive political heritage, and the striking diversity of its working-...
...strike? Answers to these questions will emerge within the context of Chicago's historic reputation...
...facts of the twenty-first century than the old craft or industrial unions and the traditional...
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| 646 |
The City the Planners Saw, Carl Smith(
Interpretive Digital Essay (Essay)
) ...died—6,384 out of 31,296—were children under a year old. Chicago was frequently healthier than other...
...votes local residents in the city and adjoining towns approved the annexation of several surrounding...
...of Factories Chicago was very much a union town and a place where class lines were sharply drawn, as...
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| 647 |
Schooling for Work, Arthur Zilversmit(
Authored Entry
) ...efficient, had to be “kept out of the hands of the old fashioned school master. ” The critics were...
...troublesome children in school, however, the Chicago City Colleges and the private, entrepreneurial...
...transformed by new kinds of industry. In Chicago, a deep and bitter conflict over the relationship...
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| 648 |
Management Consulting, Christopher McKenna(
Authored Entry
) ...Chicago consulting firms to investigate East Coast companies. By the 1940s, the consultancies from...
...consulting has a distinguished history in Chicago. Soon after Arthur Andersen, a professor of...
...firm in the world, with its headquarters still in Chicago. In 1914, Edwin Booz, a recent graduate of...
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| 649 |
Introduction, Sarah S. Marcus(
Interpretive Digital Essay
) ...and proposed a multi-component analysis of Chicago's global identity. Michael Conzen, Professor and...
...on Geographical Studies at the University of Chicago, authored much of the text and maps that serve...
...of the piece. Gary L. Johnson, president of the Chicago History Museum, contributed his analysis of...
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| 650 |
Commodities Markets, Owen K. Gregory(
Authored Entry
) ...at Board of Trade, 1948. Photographer: Gordon Coster. Source: Chicago Historical Society. FIGURE 1...
...with the Mercantile Exchange commenced trading in gold futures in 1974. The board opened the Chicago...
...Chicago's ascendant commodity markets were the result of the city's strategic position within the...
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