Map of Pullman Company Rail Network, 1885

Artist: Unknown
Source: Chicago Historical Society (ICHi-34811)

By 1885, the Pullman Company had already become one of America's largest and best-known firms. As this map, an advertisement for the company, shows, Pullman cars carried passengers from coast to coast and from Canada to Mexico. As a manufacturer of passenger and freight railroad cars, the Pullman Company was closely involved -- financially and managerially -- with most of the nation's railroads. The company had also begun to expand into Europe. By the end of the century, Pullman was one of America's largest companies as well as the country's single largest employer of African Americans, almost all of whom worked as Pullman porters, the most familiar symbol of the company and its service.

See also: Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

Armour & Co. Advertisement, 1911

Artist: Albert Guillaume
Source: Chicago Historical Society (ICHi-14096)

This 1911 French advertisement for Armour & Company's Meat Extract demonstrates the international reach of Chicago's meatpackers. Beef, pork, and meat byproducts from Armour and other Chicago firms made their way around the world from India to Australia to South Africa to Sweden to China. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Chicago meatpackers entered and quickly dominated the South American market, processing animals in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. By World War I, Armour, Swift, and Morris were familiar brands throughout much of the world.

See also: Economic Geography; Food Processing: Regional and National Market

Plan of Manila in Plan of Chicago

Creator: Daniel H. Burnham
Source: Chicago Historical Society

Relatively unknown when he designed the Prairie Avenue home of his father-in-law John Sherman, Daniel H. Burnham's fame as an architect and urban planner spread worldwide as a result of his notable buildings and his supervision of the creation of the White City at the World's Columbian Exposition. Part of a group charged with creating a plan for Washington, D.C. in 1901, he seemed a logical choice to the U.S. Philippine Commission to design plans for Manila, the capital city of the Philippines, and Baguio, a site designated as the summer capital by American colonial administrators. Working with assistant Pierce Anderson, Burnham prepared a plan, presented in 1905, that combined the tenets of the City Beautiful movement with the natural attractions of Manila. Recommendations Burnham made for Manila (and Washington and Cleveland and San Francisco) would also appear in his famous 1909 Plan of Chicago.

See also: Architecture: The City Beautiful Movement; Planning Chicago