| 671 |
Mail Order, Mark R. Wilson(
Authored Entry
) ...At the opening of the twenty-first century, as some old mail-order catalogs were being replaced or...
...would become Marshall Field & Co. Ward left town to work as a salesman in St. Louis and the South,...
...Mail-order retailing became a big business in Chicago. During the half century that followed the...
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| 672 |
St. Charles, IL, David Buisseret(
Authored Entry
) ...in the many early buildings at the center of town, but also in names like Ferson's Creek, named for...
...a bridge and dam had been built, and a little town was growing up around them on both the east and...
...called Charleston, but as there was already a town in Illinois with that name, it was changed to St....
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| 673 |
Public Buildings in the Loop, David Garrard Lowe(
Authored Entry
) ...Associates; and A. Epstein & Sons. While the old Federal Building boldly proclaimed the Beaux-Arts...
...garden, an acknowledgment of the architects of Chicago's early steel-framed skyscrapers, such as...
...northeast corner of Clark and Randolph Streets Chicago's first courthouse, a simple but dignified...
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| 674 |
Public Transportation, David M. Young(
Authored Entry
) ...whose inhabitants could easily get anywhere in town on foot or horseback. As population increased...
...Chicago before 1848 was a “walking city”...
...people developed in France in the 1600s. In Chicago, the first omnibuses in 1852 were nothing more...
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| 675 |
Restaurants, Bruce Kraig(
Authored Entry
) ...and served oysters brought in from the East Coast. The many others that followed in the nineteenth...
...enterprises have extended outward, thus enriching Chicago's economy and its reputation for dining....
...Public dining has an important role in Chicago's social, cultural, and economic history. Types and...
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| 676 |
Trade Publications, Kathleen L. Endres(
Authored Entry
) ...widely read magazine on law in the nation. Chicago's trade publishing picture differs considerably...
...of the diversity of the economic base of Chicago, the trade press has never been dominated by a...
...single industry, business, or association. The Chicago Daily Hide & Tallow Bulletin, Bowling Center...
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| 677 |
Local Option, Rachel E. Bohlmann(
Authored Entry
) ...in any county, justice's district, incorporated town, or city ward could petition local authorities...
...prohibition provisos in their charters. The 1872 Towns and Villages Act, which gave city councils...
...or distribution of intoxicating liquors, provided towns the means to govern themselves on the issue,...
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| 678 |
Racism, Ethnicity, and White Identity, David R. Roediger(
Authored Entry
) ...identity through exclusion of people of color are old Chicago stories, dating back at least to the...
...nation. They have portrayed great dramas in which old values, new migrations, recrossings of oceans,...
...Amos 'n' Andy, a show that originated in Chicago. By reinjecting racism in concluding a litany of...
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| 679 |
Des Plaines River, David M. Solzman(
Authored Entry
) ...known as the Chicago Portage. Southwest of the old portage, the Des Plaines now follows an altered...
...near Stony Ford, it is possible to view the original 8,000-year-old river channel to the north...
...and the altered 100-year-old channel to the south. At Lockport , south of the confluence between the...
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| 680 |
Sandburg Village, Amanda Seligman(
Authored Entry
) ...Sandburg Village stands on the former divide between the slums of the Near North Side and the Gold...
...Although less expensive than those in neighboring Gold Coast, the apartments were far beyond the...
...Coast . In 1961, the city accepted a $6,411,000 bid from a group of investors headed by Arthur...
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| 681 |
Lumber, Theodore J. Karamanski(
Authored Entry
) ...stream of logging schooners departed the mill towns of the north woods. During the 1860s and 1870s a...
...meatpacking , was one of the “big three” commodities of nineteenth-century Chicago commerce. Through...
...the second half of the nineteenth century, Chicago was the world's greatest lumber market. The city...
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| 682 |
Ghanaians, Amy Settergren(
Authored Entry
) ...When Ghana, the West African nation formerly known as the Gold...
...Coast, achieved its independence in 1957, the number of Ghanaians living in the Chicago area was...
...as well as those of other Africans and the wider Chicago community. These enterprises range from a...
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| 683 |
Waste Disposal, Christopher Thale(
Authored Entry
) ...a legacy of dangers to public health and safety. Cleaning up old disposal sites, or “brownfields,”...
...with wastes ranging from old cars to benzene, has become a major challenge, especially for the...
...wastes at the worst sites. As of 2000, the Chicago area had more than 240 Superfund sites, about...
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| 684 |
Iranians, James S. Kessler(
Authored Entry
) ...on their faculty. The majority of Iranians in Chicago live in the northern suburbs but are not...
...While the Iranian community of Chicago is not large, it reflects the diversity of Iran, with...
...Iranian Jews . However, most Iranians in Chicago are Persian-speaking Shī’ī Muslims. The majority of...
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| 685 |
Interurbans, Ronald Dale Karr(
Authored Entry
) ...the popular Prairie Path bike trail uses the old right-of-way. To the south, the Chicago, South...
...the electrified Illinois Central Railroad . The old familiar orange interurban cars were replaced in...
...electric railways connected many of the cities and towns of the Midwest. Enlarged street railways ,...
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| 686 |
Refining, Mark R. Wilson(
Authored Entry
) ...the same facility that had brought refining to Chicago in 1890. Now owned by BP Amoco (Standard of...
...Chicago was not among the earliest locations of the petroleum industry, but when oil refining...
...stood among the largest in the world, and the Chicago region remained an important refining center....
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| 687 |
Civil War, Theodore J. Karamanski(
Authored Entry
) ...in the development of nineteenth-century Chicago. The war came at a time when the city's commercial...
...Yard on Christmas Day, 1865, is symbolic of the Civil War's impact on Chicago. The war directed...
...the flow of vital food commodities away from Chicago's most persistent urban rivals, which were too...
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| 688 |
Palestinians, Louise Cainkar(
Authored Entry
) ...Palestinians formed about 60 percent of the Arab population of the Chicago metropolitan area....
...Palestinians began migrating to Chicago in the late nineteenth century. They were a significant part...
...Arab migration to the United States and Chicago increased between 1890 and 1921, until overseas...
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| 689 |
Art Criticism and Scholarship, David M. Sokol(
Authored Entry
) ...has been especially influential in defining and promoting the Chicago School of local artists....
...The history of art criticism in Chicago starts with Art Review (1870), which closed after the Great...
...and it survived from 1899 to 1919; the Chicago Evening Post started to offer serious literary and...
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| 690 |
Pizza, J. S. Aubrey(
Authored Entry
) ...by the success of Uno, Sewall opened Pizzeria Due a few blocks away, and Chicago-style pizzerias...
...spread throughout Chicago and the United States....
...had been introduced to pizza as they moved up the coast of Italy, and several Chicagoans anticipated...
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