"Homeless Citizens Taking Refuge from the Flames among the Ruins," Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. Municipal authorities sought to nip in the bud any possible dependence, and mounted a program of rigorous screening for relief to weed out the "unworthy." Immigrant Chicagoans complained bitterly that administrators were limiting access to the relief fund through their failure to offer services in other languages other than English, or to venture to the devastated North Side.

Artist: Unknown
Source: Chicago Historical Society (ICHi-02889)